What is C++?

C++ is a high-performance programming language that extends the C language with object-oriented features, making it ideal for systems programming, game development, and resource-intensive applications.

Understanding C++

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in 1979 as an extension to the C programming language. It combines the efficiency and low-level control of C with modern programming features like classes, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Key Features of C++

1. Object-Oriented Programming

C++ supports classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism, allowing developers to create modular, reusable code.

2. High Performance

C++ provides direct memory management and minimal runtime overhead, making it one of the fastest programming languages available.

3. System-Level Programming

C++ allows direct hardware access and memory manipulation, making it perfect for operating systems, device drivers, and embedded systems.

4. Template Programming

C++ templates enable generic programming, allowing you to write code that works with multiple data types.

5. Standard Template Library (STL)

The STL provides a rich collection of data structures and algorithms, including vectors, maps, and sorting functions.

Basic C++ Example

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Calculator {
private:
    string name;
    
public:
    Calculator(string n) : name(n) {}
    
    int add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
    
    void display() {
        cout << "Calculator: " << name << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Calculator calc("Scientific");
    calc.display();
    
    int result = calc.add(10, 20);
    cout << "10 + 20 = " << result << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

C++ vs Other Languages

| Feature | C++ | Java | Python |

|---------|-----|------|--------|

| Performance | Very High | High | Medium |

| Memory Management | Manual | Automatic | Automatic |

| Learning Curve | Steep | Moderate | Easy |

| System Programming | Excellent | Limited | Limited |

| Game Development | Excellent | Good | Limited |

Why Use C++?

Common Use Cases

Learning C++

C++ has a steep learning curve but offers unparalleled control and performance. Start with basic syntax, then move to object-oriented concepts, templates, and advanced features like smart pointers and move semantics.

C++ remains a cornerstone of systems programming and continues to evolve with modern features while maintaining backward compatibility.